CNC Simulator Pro is a comprehensive CNC simulator designed to provide the CNC community with a virtual environment for testing and learning CNC programming.

Software Overview

CNC Simulator Pro was developed to allow CNC operators, students, and enthusiasts to safely test G-code in a realistic 3D simulation before running it on real machines.

Key Features

• Realistic 3D simulation - Visualize machining operations in real-time
• Multiple virtual machines - Mills, lathes, multi-axis machines
• Advanced CNC editor - Syntax highlighting, programming help
• SimCam CAD/CAM - Integrated CAD/CAM system
• 3D Maker - 3D model milling
• Gear Maker - Gear creation

This section describes the system requirements and prerequisites for running CNC Simulator Pro.

System Requirements

Prerequisites

• Microsoft .NET Framework 4.7.2 or later
• Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2019
• Updated graphics drivers for OpenGL

Information about CNC Simulator Pro versions and how to keep the software up to date.

Current Version

CNC Simulator Pro version 4.x is the latest major version of the software, with numerous improvements and new features.

Version History

• Version 4.x - Current version with improved SimCam, new 3D Maker
• Version 3.x - Introduction of SimCam and multi-language support
• Version 2.x - Added lathe simulation and multi-axis machines
• Version 1.x - Initial version with basic milling simulation

How to Update

To update CNC Simulator Pro:

1. Visit the official website
2. Download the latest version from the Download section
3. Run the installation program
4. Existing settings and files will be preserved

Learn to navigate and control the 3D view in CNC Simulator Pro.

Mouse Controls

Preset Views

Use number keys for quick views:

• 1 - Front view
• 2 - Back view
• 3 - Left side view
• 4 - Right side view
• 5 - Top view
• 6 - Bottom view
• 7 - Isometric view

Learn to control CNC simulation: start, pause, speed, and debug.

Simulation Controls

Use the simulation toolbar or keyboard shortcuts:

Simulation Modes

• Normal - Simulate with visible material removal
• Fast - Simulate quickly without detailed graphics
• Debug - Step-by-step execution for analysis

Virtual Machines

CNC Simulator Pro includes a vast library of virtual machines that simulate different CNC machining center configurations.

File Format

Virtual machine files use the .cmachine extension and contain all the graphics and logic for the machine.

Loading a Machine

1. Go to File → Load Machine
2. Or click the "Open machine" button in the toolbar
3. Browse through available machine folders
4. Select the desired machine

Available Machine Types

Unlimited Machines

For applications requiring extended ranges, special machines without 3D graphics are available:

• UnlimitedMill - Mill with ±50,000 units range
• UnlimitedLathe - Lathe with ±50,000 units range
• HeidenUnlimited - Heidenhain controller with extended range
• UnlimitedCutter - Cutting machine with extended range

Machine Settings

Each machine has configurable parameters in Settings → Machine:

• Axis limits
• Maximum speeds
• Accelerations
• Spindle configuration

File Browsers

File browsers are specialized dialog windows for opening CNC files, machines, and SimCam files. They include preview capabilities to help identify files before opening them.

Main Features

Preview

When you want to open a CNC file, you can click on it to see a simplified preview of the tool paths. This allows you to visualize the content before actually opening the file.

Favorite Folders

The star button allows you to bookmark frequently accessed folders, streamlining navigation through the file system.

Information Panel

Below the preview, a panel displays relevant details about the selected item, such as machine specifications when browsing machines.

Browser Types

Demo Programs

CNC Simulator Pro includes numerous demo files for learning:

1. Go to File → Open CNC Program → Demo Program
2. Select a demo file
3. Click Play to start the simulation

Demo programs demonstrate:

• Sub-program calls
• Macro programming
• Tool radius compensation
• Canned cycles
• Special simulator commands

CNC Simulator Pro includes numerous sample CNC files to help you get started.

Where to Find Demo Files

Sample files are located in the Samples folder within the program installation directory.

Demo File Categories

• Milling - 2D and 3D milling examples
• Turning - Turning examples
• Multi-axis - Examples for 4 and 5 axis machines
• Macro - Macro programming examples

How to Open a Demo File

1. Go to File → Open or press Ctrl+O
2. Navigate to the Samples folder
3. Select a .cnc file and click Open
4. Press F5 to start simulation

View buttons allow you to customize the 3D view and control what is displayed.

Main Buttons

Rendering Options

• Wireframe - Show only model edges
• Solid - Solid rendering with shading
• Transparent - Semi-transparent rendering

The CNC Editor is the primary interface for writing and modifying CNC code in CNC Simulator Pro.

Key Features

The CNC editor includes built-in functions to assist you while coding. Recognized CNC codes will be colored, and pop-up lists will help you with useful information while writing.

Editor Features

• Code coloring - Automatic syntax highlighting for G-codes, M-codes, and special commands
• Programming help pop-ups - Contextual suggestions while typing
• Code regions - Organize code into collapsible sections
• Pause points - Set breakpoints for simulation debugging
• Find and replace - Quickly search and modify code
• Automatic block numbering - Automatically number code lines
• Comments in code - Add notes and documentation
• CNC headers - Create standardized program headers
• Undo and redo - Complete edit history management
• Convert - Convert between metric and imperial units
• Runtime mode - View status during simulation

Code coloring is an editor feature that automatically highlights different types of CNC commands with distinct colors.

Color Scheme

The CNC editor uses color coding to distinguish various program elements:

Performance Considerations

Automatic coloring helps to:

• Quickly identify different command types
• Spot syntax errors
• Improve program readability
• Distinguish between code and comments

Related Sections

• 2.3 Programming Help Pop-ups - Learn about contextual help while coding
• 2.8 Comments in Code - How to add comments (shown in green)

Programming help pop-ups provide intelligent assistance while you write CNC code in the editor.

How They Work

The editor displays intelligent pop-ups while you write to facilitate the programming process:

Code Lists

When typing specific characters, the editor displays relevant lists. For example, typing "G" shows a list of available G-codes.

Help Tooltips

When entering a recognized G-code, it will show a help tooltip window explaining the code.

Navigation Methods

• Arrow keys - Navigate up and down lists
• Mouse - Click to select codes and preview tooltips
• Enter or Tab - Inserts selected codes into the editor

Supported Code Types

The pop-up system works with:

• G-codes
• M-codes
• $-codes (special commands)
• Tools
• Special commands like $AddRegPart and $AddEmbeddedRegPart

Workpiece Offset Assistance

When using codes G54-G59, the editor will help you by showing the workpieces offset values after the code.

Hover Information

Showing the tooltips while the mouse hovers over a recognized code provides additional context without active selection.

Code regions are special editor features that enable collapsible sections within CNC code.

Overview

The special editor codes #region and #endregion are used to create collapsible regions in the text.

Syntax

#region Region Name
G00 X0 Y0 Z10
G01 Z-5 F100
G01 X50 Y50
G00 Z10
#endregion

Functionality

Collapsing Regions

You can click the minus (-) symbol adjacent to the #region command to hide the section.

Expanding Regions

Clicking the plus (+) sign next to three dots will reveal a collapsed region.

Preview Feature

Hovering the mouse cursor over the three dots displays a preview of the hidden content without fully expanding it.

Practical Application

Code regions are useful for:

• Organizing long programs into logical sections
• Hiding initial configurations during simulation
• Improving code readability
• Grouping related operations

Pause points are small green dots in the editor margin that allow you to pause the simulation at specific points in the program.

Overview

Pause points are small green dots in the editor margin that are used to make a pause during the simulation.

Setting Pause Points

You can add or remove pause points through a simple clicking mechanism. The process involves clicking on the margin area next to the code block where you want the simulation to pause.

Resuming Simulation

Once the simulation reaches a pause point, you have three options to continue:

1. Play button - Click the play button to resume simulation
2. Fast forward button - Click to advance quickly
3. Single-step button - Click to execute one instruction at a time

Using Pause Points

Pause points are useful for:

• Debugging CNC programs
• Verifying tool position at specific points
• Step-by-step analysis of complex operations
• Training and demonstration

The Find and Replace function allows you to quickly search and modify text in your CNC program.

2.6.1 Access Methods

The Find and Replace dialog can be opened via:

• Keyboard shortcut: CTRL + F
• Menu navigation: Edit → Find and Replace

2.6.2 Find Features

Users can search for text by entering it in the "Find what" textbox and clicking Find Next. The search includes three optional parameters:

Search Options

2.6.3 Replace Features

The Replace tab allows users to perform text substitution:

• Replace - Replace individual instances by clicking Find Next followed by Replace
• Replace All - Replace all occurrences using the Replace All button

Automatic block numbering allows you to automatically add or renumber block numbers in your CNC program.

2.7.1 Accessing the Feature

To use automatic block numbering:

• Press CTRL + B
• Or navigate to Edit → Block Numbers in the menu

2.7.2 Basic Functionality

The feature allows users to add (or renumber) block numbers to your program by enabling the Block Numbers option and specifying parameters.

2.7.3 Configuration Options

Users must enter:

After setting these values, click OK to apply the numbering.

2.7.4 Managing Block Numbers

• Adding/Renumbering - Repeat the process if blocks are deleted or added to the program
• Removing - Open the Block Numbers dialog, deselect the Block Numbers checkbox, and click OK

2.7.5 Advanced Formatting

The dialog includes a format option for customizing number appearance. While the default format typically suffices, users can enter "formatting codes" to adjust the display style.

Comments in code allow you to add notes and documentation to your CNC program without affecting the simulation.

2.8.1 Two Comment Methods

Parentheses Comments

The primary approach involves placing comments within parentheses. CNC codes inside the parentheses will be ignored by the CNC Simulator Pro interpreter.

G00 X0 Y0 (Rapid move to origin)
G01 Z-5 F100 (Plunge cut)

Semicolon Comments

An alternative method uses semicolons, which is commonly used to comment out whole sections of blocks.

; This is a full line comment
; The code below is disabled:
; G00 X50 Y50

2.8.2 Selecting and Managing Comments

To comment out multiple blocks:

1. Select them in the editor using Shift + Arrow keys or mouse dragging
2. Selected blocks display in blue
3. Access the Edit menu and choose Comment out selection

To restore commented code:

Select the blocks and use Uncomment selection from the Edit menu.

The Create CNC Header function allows you to automatically generate standardized headers for CNC programs.

2.9.1 Overview

CNC Simulator Pro includes a "Create CNC Header" function that allows users to automatically generate headers for their CNC programs.

2.9.2 How to Create Headers

To access this feature, users should navigate to Tools → Create CNC Header from the main menu. This opens a dialog box where users can input their desired information.

2.9.3 Process

1. Open the dialog from Tools → Create CNC Header
2. Fill out the fields with the information you want in the header
3. Click OK
4. The header will be automatically created for you

2.9.4 Typical Header Fields

• Program name
• Creation date
• Author / Programmer
• Part description
• Revision number
• Material
• Additional notes

Header Example

(====================================)
(  PROGRAM: BRACKET_001             )
(  DATE: 2024-01-15                 )
(  PROGRAMMER: J. Smith             )
(  MATERIAL: Aluminum 6061          )
(  REVISION: 1.0                    )
(====================================)

The Undo and Redo functions allow you to manage the edit history in the CNC editor.

2.10.1 Keyboard Shortcuts

2.10.2 Overview

If you do an edit by mistake, like erasing a big part of the program, you can always undo the change by pressing CTRL + Z on the keyboard.

In addition to reversing edits, users have the ability to restore previously undone actions through the redo function using CTRL + Y.

2.10.3 Menu Access

Both undo and redo operations are accessible through the Edit menu in the application interface, providing an alternative to keyboard shortcuts for users who prefer menu-based navigation.

The Convert function allows you to convert numbers between inches and millimeters and vice versa.

2.11.1 Functionality

The feature enables users to convert numbers from inches to millimeters and vice versa. To use it, you must first select the number you wish to convert in the editor, then access the Convert menu option.

2.11.2 Available Conversions

2.11.3 How to Use

1. Select the number in the editor you want to convert
2. Navigate to Edit → Convert
3. Choose the conversion direction
4. The selected number will be replaced with the converted value

Example

; Before (inches):
G01 X1.0 Y0.5 F10

; After conversion (millimeters):
G01 X25.4 Y12.7 F254

Runtime mode is the editor state during simulation execution, with specific visual indicators.

2.12.1 What It Is

Runtime mode is activated when you start a simulation in the CNC editor. The interface shifts to a read-only state during simulation execution, preventing program modifications.

2.12.2 Visual Indicators

During Simulation

During runtime (simulation is running), the background color of the editor changes slightly to indicate that it is in runtime mode. A gray line marks the current block being processed.

Error State

If the interpreter detects an error, you will see an alarm message and the editor will go back to normal mode, allowing edits. The problematic block receives a red wavy line so you can easily find it and correct the error.

Interrupted Execution

If you stop the execution (simulation) of a CNC program before it is done, a yellow square symbol indicates the last executed block.

2.12.3 State Summary

This tutorial will guide you through creating your first CNC milling program in CNC Simulator Pro.

Preparation

Before starting, make sure to:

• Select a milling machine from the inventory browser
• Set up an appropriate workpiece
• Configure the necessary tools

Step 1: Open a New Program

Create a new CNC file and start with the program header:

O0001 (MILLING TUTORIAL)
(T1 = END MILL D10)
G21 G17 G40 G49 G80 G90  ; Initialization

Step 2: Set Up the Tool

Select the tool and set the spindle speed:

T1 M6                    ; Tool change
S3000 M3                 ; Spindle 3000 RPM CW
G43 H1 Z50               ; Length compensation

Step 3: Machining Movements

Execute cutting movements to create a simple pocket:

G0 X0 Y0                 ; Rapid positioning
G0 Z5                    ; Approach
G1 Z-5 F100              ; Plunge
G1 X50 F200              ; Linear cut
G1 Y50
G1 X0
G1 Y0
G0 Z50                   ; Retract
M5                       ; Spindle stop
M30                      ; End program

Step 4: Run the Simulation

Press the Play button to start the simulation and observe the tool path in the 3D view.

Next Steps

After completing this basic tutorial, explore:

• Circular interpolations G02/G03
• Drilling cycles G81-G89
• Tool radius compensation

This tutorial will guide you through creating your first CNC turning program.

Preparation

Before starting:

• Select a lathe from the inventory browser
• Set up a cylindrical workpiece
• Configure the turning tools

Lathe Coordinate System

In CNC lathe:

• X = diameter (or radius, depending on configuration)
• Z = longitudinal axis (workpiece length)

Example: Facing and Roughing

O0001 (TURNING TUTORIAL)
(T1 = ROUGHING TOOL)
G21 G18 G40 G80 G90      ; Lathe initialization

T1 M6                    ; Tool change
G97 S1500 M3             ; Spindle 1500 RPM
G0 X52 Z2                ; Positioning

; FACING
G1 X-1 F0.2              ; Face to center
G0 Z2 X50

; DIAMETER ROUGHING
G71 U2 R1                ; Roughing cycle
G71 P10 Q20 U0.5 W0.1 F0.25
N10 G0 X20               ; Profile start
G1 Z0 F0.15
G1 X30 Z-10              ; Taper
G1 Z-30                  ; Cylinder
N20 X52                  ; Profile end

G0 X100 Z50              ; Retract
M5
M30

Turning Cycles

G70-G76 cycles simplify common operations:

• G70: Finishing cycle
• G71: Longitudinal roughing cycle
• G72: Face roughing cycle
• G73: Pattern repeat cycle
• G76: Threading cycle

This tutorial introduces multi-axis machining techniques (4 and 5 axes) in CNC Simulator Pro.

Axis Configuration

In addition to the three linear axes (X, Y, Z), multi-axis machines include:

• 4th Axis (A or B): Rotation around X or Y
• 5th Axis (C): Rotation around Z

Example: 4th Axis Machining

O0001 (4TH AXIS EXAMPLE)
G21 G17 G40 G49 G80 G90
T1 M6
S5000 M3

G0 X0 Y0 Z50 A0          ; Initial position with 4th axis

; Machining on 4 faces (every 90°)
#1 = 0
WHILE [#1 LT 360] DO1
  G0 A#1
  G0 Z5
  G1 Z-2 F100
  G1 X30 Y0 F300
  G1 X30 Y30
  G1 X0 Y30
  G1 X0 Y0
  G0 Z50
  #1 = #1 + 90
END1

G0 A0 Z100
M30

Simultaneous 5-Axis Machining

In simultaneous 5-axis machining, all axes move together to maintain optimal tool orientation relative to the surface.

Advantages

• Access to complex geometries
• Better surface finish
• Reduced setups
• Shorter tools = greater rigidity

The Tools tab in the Inventory Browser contains the complete library of cutting tools for milling and turning.

Tool Categories

Milling Tools

• End Mills - For contouring, facing, and grooving
• Ball Nose Mills - For 3D surfaces and fillets
• Flat End Mills - For pockets and flat surfaces
• Bull Nose Mills - For fillets and corner rounding
• Center Drills - For centering before drilling
• Twist Drills - For standard holes
• Taps - For internal threads
• Reamers - For precision holes

Turning Tools

• External Tools - For cylindrical turning and facing
• Boring Bars - For internal machining
• Grooving Tools - For grooves and parting
• Threading Tools - For external and internal threads
• Parting Tools - For cut-off operations

Adding a Tool

1. Open the Inventory Browser (F4)
2. Select the "Tools" tab
3. Browse categories or use search
4. Double-click a tool to add it to the turret
5. Specify the slot number (T1, T2, etc.)

Tool Parameters

Each tool has configurable parameters:

• Diameter - Tool diameter
• Length - Total length or stick-out
• Corner Radius - For bull nose mills or inserts
• Number of Flutes - For feed rate calculations
• Point Angle - For drills and turning tools

See Also

• Mill Workpieces
• Lathe Workpieces
• Milling Tutorial
• Turning Tutorial

Mill Workpieces define the shape and dimensions of raw material for milling operations.

Available Shapes

Rectangular Block

The most common shape for milling. Defined by three dimensions:

• Width (X) - Dimension along the X axis
• Depth (Y) - Dimension along the Y axis
• Height (Z) - Dimension along the Z axis

Cylinder

For round parts to be machined on milling machines:

• Diameter - Outer diameter of the cylinder
• Height - Length of the cylinder

Disc

A cylinder with reduced height, ideal for:

• Flanges and circular plates
• Gears and sprockets
• Covers and lids

Workpiece Setup

1. Open the Inventory Browser (F4)
2. Expand the "Mill Workpieces" section
3. Select the desired shape
4. Enter dimensions in the properties panel
5. Double-click to load the workpiece

Origin Positioning

The workpiece origin determines the program zero point:

• Top center - Origin at center of top face (most common)
• Corner - Origin at a workpiece corner
• Geometric center - Origin at volume center

See Also

• Lathe Workpieces
• Materials
• Milling Tutorial

Lathe Workpieces define the shape and dimensions of raw material for turning operations.

Available Shapes

Cylindrical Bar

The standard shape for turning. Defined by:

• Diameter - Outer diameter of the bar
• Length - Total length of the workpiece

Tube

Hollow cylinder for tubular parts:

• Outer diameter - OD of the tube
• Inner diameter - ID of the tube (bore)
• Length - Total length

Predefined Profile

Shapes with pre-defined external profile:

• Pre-roughed parts
• Castings or forgings
• Semi-finished parts

Workpiece Setup

1. Open the Inventory Browser (F4)
2. Expand the "Lathe Workpieces" section
3. Select the desired shape
4. Enter dimensions (diameter, length)
5. Double-click to load

Coordinate System

On the lathe, the origin is typically:

• X - Radial axis (diameter or radius)
• Z - Longitudinal axis (length)
• Z origin - On the front face of the workpiece
• X origin - On the center of rotation (spindle axis)

See Also

• Mill Workpieces
• Materials
• Turning Tutorial

The Materials section allows you to assign material properties to your workpieces for more realistic simulation.

Available Materials

Metals

• Aluminum - Light gray, soft, easy to machine
• Steel - Dark gray, durable
• Stainless Steel - Silver, corrosion resistant
• Brass - Golden yellow, good machinability
• Copper - Reddish, high conductivity
• Titanium - Metallic gray, lightweight and strong

Plastics

• ABS - Black or white, impact resistant
• Nylon - Cream white, self-lubricating
• Delrin/POM - White, high precision
• Polycarbonate - Transparent, durable
• PTFE - White, low friction

Other Materials

• Wood - Brown with grain
• Graphite - Black, for electrodes
• Foam - For models and prototypes

Assigning a Material

1. Select the workpiece in the 3D view
2. Open the Inventory Browser (F4)
3. Go to the "Materials" section
4. Double-click the desired material

Simulation Effects

The assigned material affects:

• Visual appearance - Color and reflection in 3D view
• Chip removal - Realistic machining visualization
• Parameter suggestions - Recommended speeds and feeds

See Also

• Mill Workpieces
• Lathe Workpieces
• Tools

Zero Points define the coordinate system origins for the CNC program, allowing you to correctly position the workpiece relative to the machine.

Fundamental Concepts

Machine Coordinate System

The Machine Coordinate System (MCS) is the absolute reference of the CNC machine:

• Machine origin - Fixed point defined by manufacturer
• Home position - Reference position after homing
• Absolute coordinates - Measured from machine origin

Workpiece Coordinate System

The Workpiece Coordinate System (WCS) is the programming reference:

• G54-G59 - Standard work offsets (up to 6)
• G54.1 Pxx - Extended offsets (up to 99 or more)
• Offset - Distance between machine origin and work origin

Setting Zero Points

In the Inventory Browser

1. Open the Inventory Browser (F4)
2. Go to the "Zero Points" section
3. Select the coordinate system (G54, G55, etc.)
4. Set the X, Y, Z coordinates
5. Confirm with double-click

Typical Positioning

Tool Offset and Zero

Zero points work together with tool offsets:

• Length offset (H) - Compensates tool length
• Radius offset (D) - Compensates tool radius
• Wear - Compensations for tool wear

See Also

• G Codes - G54-G59
• Tools
• Mill Workpieces

General Settings

Configuration of CNC Simulator Pro general settings.

Accessing Settings

Menu Edit → Settings or F10

Language

CNC Simulator Pro supports multiple languages:

• Italian
• English
• German
• French
• Spanish
• And many more...

Units of Measure

Automatic Backup

• Enable/disable automatic backup
• Backup interval (minutes)
• Destination folder
• Maximum number of backups

Updates

• Automatic update check
• Update channel (stable/beta)

Machine Settings

Configuration of virtual machine parameters.

Machine Selection

CNC Simulator Pro includes various virtual machines:

• 3-axis Mill
• 4-axis Mill
• 5-axis Mill
• 2-axis Lathe
• Lathe with C-axis
• Machining Center
• Laser/Plasma Cutter
• CNC Router

Machine Limits

Controller Configuration

Select the G-code dialect compatible with your controller:

• Fanuc
• Siemens
• Haas
• Mazak
• Heidenhain
• Generic ISO

Display Settings

Customization of visualization and graphical interface.

3D View

Colors

Customize colors for:

• Viewport background
• Stock material
• Machined part
• Rapid path (G0)
• Work path (G1/G2/G3)
• Grid
• Coordinate axes

Visible Elements

• Grid - Show/hide reference grid
• Axes - Show/hide XYZ axes
• Toolpath - Path trace
• Tool - 3D tool visualization
• Spindle - Spindle visualization
• Table - Work surface

Interface Theme

• Light theme
• Dark theme
• Custom theme

Introduction to Custom Macros

Custom Macros (also called Macro B or parametric programming) allow creating flexible CNC programs using variables, mathematical operations, and control structures.

Benefits of Parametric Programming

• Reusable programs with variable dimensions
• Reduced programming errors
• Part families with a single program
• Automatic calculations
• Custom cycles

Basic Example

#1 = 50        ; Diameter
#2 = 30        ; Depth
#3 = [#1/2]    ; Radius (calculated)

G00 X#3 Y0 Z5
G01 Z-#2 F100
G02 X#3 Y0 I-#3 J0 F200
G00 Z5

Macro Variables

Variables are fundamental elements of parametric programming and allow storing and manipulating numerical values.

Variable Types

Common System Variables

Using Variables

; Assignment
#1 = 25.5          ; Direct value assignment
#2 = #1 * 2        ; Operation result assignment
#3 = [#1 + #2] / 2 ; Complex expression

; Use in movements
G1 X#1 Y#2 Z#3 F500

; Use in parameters
G81 X0 Y0 Z[-#4] R2 F#5

; Indirect variables
#[#10] = 100       ; #10 contains variable number
#11 = #[#10]       ; Reads variable indicated by #10

Empty Variable (#0)

Variable #0 is always empty and can be used to:

• Check if an argument was passed
• Skip optional parameters

IF [#1 EQ #0] THEN #1 = 10  ; If #1 empty, use default 10

Macro Operators

Operators allow mathematical calculations, logical comparisons, and data manipulations in macros.

Arithmetic Operators

Mathematical Functions

Comparison Operators

Logical Operators

• AND: Logical AND
• OR: Logical OR
• XOR: Exclusive OR

Examples

; Calculate radius from coordinates
#10 = SQRT[[#1*#1] + [#2*#2]]

; Calculate angle
#11 = ATAN[#2]/[#1]

; Compound condition
IF [[#1 GT 0] AND [#1 LT 100]] GOTO 10

Control Structures

Control structures allow creating programs with decisions and repetitions.

IF...THEN...ELSE

Conditional execution:

; Simple IF
IF [#1 GT 0] THEN #2 = 1

; IF with GOTO
IF [#1 EQ 0] GOTO 100

; IF...THEN...ELSE (some controllers)
IF [#1 GT 0] THEN
  #2 = 1
ELSE
  #2 = -1
ENDIF

GOTO

Unconditional jump to a sequence number:

GOTO 100        ; Always jump to N100

N100 G0 X0 Y0

WHILE...DO...END

Loop with condition at start:

; Repeat while condition true
#1 = 0
WHILE [#1 LT 10] DO1
  G1 X#1 F500
  #1 = #1 + 1
END1

; Nested loops (DO1, DO2, DO3)
WHILE [#1 LT 5] DO1
  WHILE [#2 LT 5] DO2
    ; inner code
  END2
END1

Example: Circular Hole Pattern

; Parameters
#1 = 50      ; Circle radius
#2 = 8       ; Number of holes
#3 = 0       ; Start angle
#4 = -15     ; Depth

; Calculate angular step
#5 = 360 / #2

; Hole cycle
#6 = 0                          ; Counter
WHILE [#6 LT #2] DO1
  #7 = #1 * COS[#3]             ; X
  #8 = #1 * SIN[#3]             ; Y
  G0 X#7 Y#8
  G1 Z#4 F100                   ; Drill
  G0 Z5                         ; Retract
  #3 = #3 + #5                  ; Next angle
  #6 = #6 + 1                   ; Increment counter
END1

Subprogram Call with Arguments

; Call with arguments
G65 P9100 A10 B20 C-5 F500

; In subprogram O9100:
; #1 = A = 10
; #2 = B = 20
; #3 = C = -5
; #9 = F = 500

Practical Macro Examples

Collection of practical examples to better understand parametric programming.

1. Parametric Rectangular Pocket

O9001 (RECTANGULAR POCKET)
; G65 P9001 X.. Y.. Z.. W.. H.. D.. S.. F..
; X,Y = Pocket center
; Z = Total depth
; W = Width
; H = Height
; D = Tool diameter
; S = Z step
; F = Feed rate

#100 = #24 - #7               ; Usable width (W - D)
#101 = #11 - #7               ; Usable height (H - D)
#102 = 0                      ; Current depth

G0 X#24 Y#25 Z5

WHILE [#102 GT #26] DO1
  #102 = #102 - #19           ; Decrement by step
  IF [#102 LT #26] THEN #102 = #26

  G1 Z#102 F[#9/2]            ; Plunge

  ; Inner rectangle
  G1 X[#24 - #100/2] F#9
  G1 Y[#25 + #101/2]
  G1 X[#24 + #100/2]
  G1 Y[#25 - #101/2]
  G1 X[#24 - #100/2]
  G1 Y#25
  G1 X#24
END1

G0 Z5
M99

2. Grid Hole Pattern

O9003 (HOLE GRID)
; G65 P9003 X.. Y.. I.. J.. P.. Q.. Z.. R.. F..
; X,Y = Start point
; I = X spacing
; J = Y spacing
; P = Columns
; Q = Rows
; Z = Depth
; R = R plane
; F = Feed

#100 = 0                      ; Row counter
WHILE [#100 LT #17] DO1
  #101 = 0                    ; Column counter
  WHILE [#101 LT #16] DO2
    #102 = #24 + [#101 * #4]  ; Calculate X
    #103 = #25 + [#100 * #5]  ; Calculate Y

    G0 X#102 Y#103
    G81 Z#26 R#18 F#9         ; Drilling cycle
    G80

    #101 = #101 + 1
  END2
  #100 = #100 + 1
END1

M99

Introduction to SimCam

SimCam is the integrated CAD/CAM module in CNC Simulator Pro that allows creating 2D drawings and automatically generating toolpaths.

Key Features

• 2D vector drawing
• DXF file import
• Automatic G-code generation
• Contouring, pocketing, drilling paths
• Customizable post-processor

Typical Workflow

1. Drawing: Create or import geometry
2. Define operations: Contour, pocket, holes
3. Set parameters: Tools, depths, feeds
4. Generate path: Create toolpath
5. Post-process: Generate G-code
6. Simulate: Verify program

SimCam Interface

The SimCam interface is designed to be intuitive and allows you to create 2D drawings and generate toolpaths efficiently.

Main Layout

Navigation Tools

• Zoom: Mouse wheel or +/-
• Pan: Middle click + drag
• Zoom Window: Z + area selection
• Zoom All: Double click wheel or Home

Selection Modes

• Single: Click on object
• Multiple: Ctrl + Click
• Window: Drag left to right (only fully enclosed objects)
• Crossing: Drag right to left (also partially enclosed objects)

Grid and Snap

The grid helps with precise alignment:

• F7: Show/Hide grid
• F9: Toggle grid snap
• F3: Object snap (endpoint, midpoint, center, intersection)

Drawing in SimCam

SimCam provides comprehensive tools for creating 2D drawings that will be converted into toolpaths.

Basic Drawing Tools

Editing Tools

Coordinate Input

Methods for entering precise coordinates:

• Absolute: X,Y (e.g.: 50,30)
• Relative: @X,Y (e.g.: @10,20 - 10mm in X and 20mm in Y from previous point)
• Polar: @distance<angle (e.g.: @50<45 - 50mm at 45°)

Layers

Organize drawings on separate layers:

• Layer for external contours
• Layer for internal pockets
• Layer for holes
• Layer for engravings

Toolpaths

SimCam automatically generates optimized toolpaths from 2D geometries.

Operation Types

Main Parameters

Pocket Strategies

• Zig-zag: Alternating linear path (fast)
• Spiral out: From center to edge
• Spiral in: From edge to center
• Concentric offset: Concentric contours

Lead-in and Lead-out

Configure how the tool enters and exits the material:

• Ramp: Gradual descent while moving
• Helical: Spiral descent
• Vertical: Direct plunge (soft materials only)
• Tangent arc: Arc entry for better finish

Postprocessor

The postprocessor converts toolpaths into G-code specific to your machine's controller.

Supported Controllers

Output Options

• Block numbering: N10, N20... or none
• Increment: Numbering step (5, 10, etc.)
• Decimals: Coordinate precision (3-6 digits)
• Line ending: CR, LF, or CR+LF
• File extension: .nc, .cnc, .tap, .gcode

Header and Footer

Customize opening and closing code:

; Typical header
O1234 (PROGRAM NAME)
G21 G90 G94 G40 G49 G80
G17

; ... toolpaths ...

; Typical footer
M5          ; Spindle stop
G91 G28 Z0  ; Home Z
G28 X0 Y0   ; Home XY
M30         ; End program

Code Generation

1. Complete toolpath creation
2. Go to CAM → Generate G-Code
3. Select appropriate postprocessor
4. Configure output options
5. Specify save path
6. Click Generate

The system uses Spatie Laravel Backup to create automatic backups of database and files, ensuring data security and recovery capabilities when needed.

Available Commands

Create a Manual Backup

# Full backup (database + files)
cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce && php artisan backup:run

# Database only
cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce && php artisan backup:run --only-db

# Files only
cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce && php artisan backup:run --only-files

List Available Backups

cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce && php artisan backup:list

Clean Old Backups

cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce && php artisan backup:clean

Monitor Backup Status

cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce && php artisan backup:monitor

cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce && php artisan backup:run --only-db

This guide provides detailed instructions on how to restore the system from a backup in case of issues or data loss.

Step 1: Identify the Backup to Restore

# List all available backups
ls -lah /home/achille616/backups/cnc-ecommerce/

# Example output:
# CNC-Simulator-Italia_2025-12-18-02-00-00.zip  (full backup)
# CNC-Simulator-Italia_2025-12-18-06-00-00.zip  (DB only)
# CNC-Simulator-Italia_2025-12-18-12-00-00.zip  (DB only)

Step 2: Extract the Backup

# Create temporary folder
mkdir -p /tmp/backup-restore

# Extract backup
cd /tmp/backup-restore
unzip /home/achille616/backups/cnc-ecommerce/BACKUP_NAME.zip

Step 3A: Database Restore

# Database is in db-dumps/*.sql or *.sql.gz

# If compressed:
gunzip db-dumps/mysql-*.sql.gz

# Restore database with credentials from .env:
cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce
mysql -u $(grep DB_USERNAME .env | cut -d '=' -f2) \
      -p$(grep DB_PASSWORD .env | cut -d '=' -f2) \
      $(grep DB_DATABASE .env | cut -d '=' -f2) < /tmp/backup-restore/db-dumps/mysql-*.sql

Step 3B: Files Restore

# Restore storage (uploads, user files)
cp -r /tmp/backup-restore/storage/app/public/* /var/www/cnc-ecommerce/storage/app/public/

# Restore .env file (if needed)
# WARNING: Check differences first!
diff /tmp/backup-restore/.env /var/www/cnc-ecommerce/.env
# If OK:
# cp /tmp/backup-restore/.env /var/www/cnc-ecommerce/.env