本指南详细介绍了在出现问题或数据丢失时，如何通过备份恢复系统。
⚠️ 重要提示
在进行恢复操作之前，请确保您具备以下条件：
- ✓ 拥有服务器的 SSH 访问权限
- ✓ 管理员权限
- ✓ 可用于恢复的有效备份
- ✓ 完成操作所需的充足时间
步骤 1：确定要恢复的备份
# Elencare tutti i backup disponibili
ls -lah /home/achille616/backups/cnc-ecommerce/
# Output esempio:
# CNC-Simulator-Italia_2025-12-18-02-00-00.zip (backup completo)
# CNC-Simulator-Italia_2025-12-18-06-00-00.zip (backup solo DB)
# CNC-Simulator-Italia_2025-12-18-12-00-00.zip (backup solo DB)
步骤 2：提取备份
# Creare una cartella temporanea
mkdir -p /tmp/backup-restore
# Estrarre il backup
cd /tmp/backup-restore
unzip /home/achille616/backups/cnc-ecommerce/NOME_BACKUP.zip
步骤 3A：恢复数据库
# Il database è nel file db-dumps/*.sql o *.sql.gz
# Se è compresso:
gunzip db-dumps/mysql-*.sql.gz
# Ripristinare il database con credenziali da .env:
cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce
mysql -u $(grep DB_USERNAME .env | cut -d '=' -f2) \
-p$(grep DB_PASSWORD .env | cut -d '=' -f2) \
$(grep DB_DATABASE .env | cut -d '=' -f2) < /tmp/backup-restore/db-dumps/mysql-*.sql
步骤 3B：恢复文件
# Ripristinare storage (uploads, file utente)
cp -r /tmp/backup-restore/storage/app/public/* /var/www/cnc-ecommerce/storage/app/public/
# Ripristinare file .env (se necessario)
# ATTENZIONE: Verificare prima le differenze!
diff /tmp/backup-restore/.env /var/www/cnc-ecommerce/.env
# Se OK:
# cp /tmp/backup-restore/.env /var/www/cnc-ecommerce/.env
步骤 4：验证权限
cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce
# Ripristinare proprietà
chown -R achille616:www-data storage
chown -R achille616:www-data bootstrap/cache
# Ripristinare permessi
chmod -R 775 storage
chmod -R 775 bootstrap/cache
步骤 5：清理缓存
cd /var/www/cnc-ecommerce
php artisan config:clear
php artisan cache:clear
php artisan view:clear
php artisan route:clear
步骤 6：清理临时文件
rm -rf /tmp/backup-restore
✅ 最终验证
恢复完成后，请确认：
- ✓ 网站可访问且运行正常
- ✓ 数据库中包含正确的数据
- ✓ 上传的文件是否可见
- ✓ 主要功能运行正常
自动恢复脚本
为了自动化恢复过程，你可以创建一个 Bash 脚本：
#!/bin/bash
# save as: /home/achille616/restore-backup.sh
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
echo "Uso: ./restore-backup.sh NOME_FILE_BACKUP.zip"
echo "Esempio: ./restore-backup.sh CNC-Simulator-Italia_2025-12-18-02-00-00.zip"
exit 1
fi
BACKUP_FILE="/home/achille616/backups/cnc-ecommerce/$1"
TMP_DIR="/tmp/backup-restore-$(date +%s)"
WEB_DIR="/var/www/cnc-ecommerce"
echo "🔄 Ripristino da: $BACKUP_FILE"
# Verifica esistenza backup
if [ ! -f "$BACKUP_FILE" ]; then
echo "❌ Backup non trovato: $BACKUP_FILE"
exit 1
fi
# Estrazione
echo "📦 Estrazione backup..."
mkdir -p $TMP_DIR
cd $TMP_DIR
unzip -q $BACKUP_FILE
# Ripristino database
echo "💾 Ripristino database..."
cd $WEB_DIR
DB_USER=$(grep DB_USERNAME .env | cut -d '=' -f2)
DB_PASS=$(grep DB_PASSWORD .env | cut -d '=' -f2)
DB_NAME=$(grep DB_DATABASE .env | cut -d '=' -f2)
SQL_FILE=$(find $TMP_DIR/db-dumps -name "*.sql" -o -name "*.sql.gz" | head -1)
if [[ $SQL_FILE == *.gz ]]; then
gunzip $SQL_FILE
SQL_FILE="${SQL_FILE%.gz}"
fi
mysql -u $DB_USER -p$DB_PASS $DB_NAME < $SQL_FILE
# Ripristino file storage
if [ -d "$TMP_DIR/storage/app/public" ]; then
echo "📁 Ripristino file storage..."
cp -r $TMP_DIR/storage/app/public/* $WEB_DIR/storage/app/public/
fi
# Permessi
echo "🔐 Aggiornamento permessi..."
chown -R achille616:www-data $WEB_DIR/storage
chmod -R 775 $WEB_DIR/storage
# Cache
echo "🧹 Pulizia cache..."
cd $WEB_DIR
php artisan config:clear
php artisan cache:clear
php artisan view:clear
# Cleanup
echo "🗑️ Pulizia file temporanei..."
rm -rf $TMP_DIR
echo "✅ Ripristino completato!"
使用该脚本的方法：
# Rendilo eseguibile
chmod +x /home/achille616/restore-backup.sh
# Esegui il ripristino
./restore-backup.sh CNC-Simulator-Italia_2025-12-18-02-00-00.zip
部分恢复（仅恢复部分表）
若只需恢复数据库中的特定表：
# Estrarre solo alcune tabelle
mysql -u USER -p DB_NAME -e "SELECT * FROM table_name" > table_backup.sql
# Usare mysqldump per tabelle specifiche
mysqldump -u USER -p DB_NAME table1 table2 > partial_backup.sql
💡 提示
请定期在测试环境中测试恢复流程，以确保在需要时一切都能正常运行。
